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Start-Up and Shutdown Practices in BWRs as well as in Primary and Secondary Circuits of PWRs, VVERs and CANDUs

The objective of this Report is to provide a good understanding of the special problems and appropriate good practices during shutdown as well as during startup of LWRs. The Report provides a worldwide review of Startup and Shutdown Procedures both in the Primary and in the Secondary Circuit of PWRs, CANDUs and VVERs, and in the reactor coolant and main steam containing systems of BWRs.

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LCC9 AR Operational Issues, Practice and Remedies

Operational Issues, Practices and Remedies are important issues for plant personnel and designers. This report combines the following subjects of limited extent but potentially important consequences:

  • Degradation of the primary coolant barrier together with mechanical remedies.
  • The potential benefits of Enriched Boric Acid (EBA).
  • Primary coolant (Co-58, colloids) inventory.
  • Degradation of concrete structures in NPPs.
  • Colloids, Zeta Potential and Activity Transport.
  • Electrochemical Corrosion Potential (ECP) measurements.
  • Key points, ”lessons learned” and ”best practices” of several recent conferences.

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Key Issues in Plant Chemistry and Corrosion in BWRs – 2018

(LCC14)

The second report summarising the BWR related papers and various other subjects is designed to provide updated information with the author’s critique and analysis for the benefit of the LCC customers. The report is expected to be a comprehensive summary document incorporating the latest information on BWR water chemistry and decommissioning that would benefit the operators and regulators, and those who have not been able to attend the NPC 2018 Conference.

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Key Issues in Plant Chemistry and Corrosion in BWRs – 2016

(LCC12)

The 20th Nuclear Plant Chemistry (NPC) International Conference, which started in Bournemouth (UK) and held every other year, was held in Brighton (UK) in October 2016. It is the most im­portant conference related to chemistry in Nuclear Power Plants, and covers many new results in this area. The key information presented at this Conference is covered in two separate LCC12 Reports.

This Report summarizes the BWR related papers from the conference and is designed to provide updated information with the author’s critique and analysis for the benefit of the ANT International/LCC customers. The Report is expected to be a compre­hensive document summarising the latest information on BWR water chemistry that would benefit the BWR operators and regulators.

The second report covers PWRs, VVERs, CANDUs, PHWRs and auxiliary systems issues.

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Introduction to Boiling Water Reactor Chemistry

VOLUME I
This report is the first volume out of two focusing on BWR chemistry. A review and discussion of the BWR chemistry fundamentals that are necessary to understand and describe the requirements of the BWR water specifications is provided in this volume. This discussion includes the basics of water radiolysis, the dynamic process that establishes the concentration of oxygen and hydrogen gas in the reactor water, the consequences of tramp uranium and leaking fuel rods on chemistry and other relevant topics.

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Introduction to Boiling Water Reactor Chemistry

VOLUME II
This report is the second volume out of two focusing on BWR chemistry. This volume II takes a closer look at corrosion of structural materials covering the following topics:

  • Corrosion Considerations
  • Stress Corrosion Cracking Mitigation
  • Start-up IGSCC Mitigation
  • Shutdown Dose Rate Minimization
  • Reactor Water Purity Transients
  • Surveillance Programs

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Fuel Reliability Assessment Through Radiochemistry and Poolside Examinations (LCC20) – 2 Reports

Our latest two-volume report, Key Emerging Issues and Recent Progress in PWR/VVER, BWR and New Reactors, provides a comprehensive technical review of the most important operational experience, research findings, and emerging trends presented at the NPC-2025 International Conference in Busan, Korea. The reports cover advanced developments in primary and secondary water chemistry, fuel performance, corrosion mitigation, source term reduction, shutdown chemistry, flexible operation, aging management, radwaste treatment, SMRs, advanced reactors, and digital chemistry optimization programs.

Volume I focuses on PWR/VVER primary and secondary system chemistry, including fuel reliability, CRUD behaviour, zinc injection, potassium hydroxide implementation, steam generator degradation, hydrazine alternatives, shutdown chemistry, and source term control strategies. The report also includes detailed operating experience from EPR startups, chemistry optimization for long-term operation, and extensive benchmarking of global reactor fleets.

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Volume II covers BWR chemistry and radiochemistry, auxiliary and cooling water systems, radwaste treatment technologies, flexible operation, chemistry compliance management, advanced reactor and SMR developments, and long-term aging management. It includes practical lessons learned from recent plant restarts, innovative decontamination technologies, AI-driven chemistry monitoring, and new approaches for minimizing radiation exposure and extending plant lifetime.

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Together, the reports provide utilities, regulators, vendors, and technical specialists with a unique consolidated reference of the latest international developments in nuclear plant chemistry and operational performance, supported by detailed technical analysis, industry data, and real plant experience from operating nuclear fleets worldwide.

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